Author Archives: Bob K0NR

Agilent FieldFox RF Analyzer

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Photo © Agilent Technologies 2009 All Rights Reserved

I am a bit of a test equipment junkie….it has something to do with working in the electronic measurement business for most of my career. There are many great pieces of test equipment out there but every once in a while, one comes along that really captures the imagination. Over the weekend, I got my hands on the new FieldFox RF Analyzer from Agilent Technologies. This analyzer is a combination 2-port network analyzer, cable tester and spectrum analyzer in one compact package. Add in an external sensor and it measures RF power, too. [Disclosure: I am employed by Agilent.]

With a base price of $7600, this instrument is probably out of the price range of most radio amateurs. However, the RF engineers and technicians out there in the electronics industry will appreciate its measurement capability and value.

The first thing I did was connect it up to my vertical antenna used for 2 Meters and 70 centimeters. I was able to check a few things on the antenna system and monitor some signals. Funny thing, when I tuned to the 2 Meter ham band, I didn’t see any transmitters on the air <sigh>.  So I switched over to the FM broadcast band and did a scan of 86 to 110 MHz. The spectral lines you see sticking up are the FM broadcast transmitters in my area.

Then I checked the VSWR of the antenna system (as seen looking through the end of the cable).  The sweep below shows the VSWR of the antenna system versus frequency. The center of screen is 146 MHz and the marker is set at 146.52 MHz. The VSWR doesn’t quite stay under 2.0 over the entire band.

Then I switched to the Cable Tester mode and displayed Distance to Fault (DTF). The DTF display shows the return loss of the cable as a function of the distance along the cable. (The FieldFox analyzer can correct for the propagation velocity but I did not have this feature turned on. So the distance shown is in error by that amount.)

The bump in the middle of the display is about 60 feet down the line, which corresponds to where an inline surge supressor is installed. Apparently, there is a small “impedance bump” in the line at that point. At the right hand side of the display, around 110 feet is an impedance change due to the antenna. If I had a good 50 ohm load on the end of the cable, we would not see this blip. The DTF measurement is a broadband measurement so anything that is not a good 50 ohms across all frequencyes (such as a high Q antenna) shows up as an impedance blip.

These results are not bad but I expected the impedance of the antenna system to be better than this. If I can hang onto the analyzer for a few more days, I’ll be sure to investigate the antenna system more carefully. Nothing like having the right test equipment to make useful and accurate measurements.

73, Bob K0NR

January VHF Contest – 2 Meters at 9500 Feet

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Activity was light during the ARRL January VHF Sweepstakes, but I had fun anyway, working more grids on 2 Meters than I expected. The January VHF contest is not a big deal for me but I try to at least get on the air. In previous years, I have operated backpack portable for the contest.

This year, I was up at our cabin near Trout Creek Pass in the western part of DM78. The cabin sits at about 9500 feet in elevation with a good radio horizon in most directions. It is blocked a bit to the west due to some 14,000 foot mountains. I don’t have serious antennas up there (yet), so I decided I would just temporarily install a 2 Meter yagi and focus on working that band. (I am thinking I need to get serious about 2M VUCC.) The snow can be quite deep so I wasn’t sure that I could get the SUV up the driveway. Since we might have had to carry everything up on snowshoes, I was thinking minimal equipment. (It turns out the neighbor with a frontloader cleared the driveway, so this was not a problem.)

The rig is a Yaesu FT-847 (one of my all-time favorite rigs) that puts out 50 Watts on 144 MHz. I probably should have brought my Mirage amplifier along but, again, I was going for minimal equipment. With only one band to worry about my operating focus was, well, only on one band. This basically meant hanging out on the calling frequency (144.200 MHz) listening for activity and making calls. During other contests, I’d be jumping around from band to band, trying to make sure I didn’t miss anyone. The one band approach certainly is simpler…perhaps a bit boring.

I was careful to set up my station for both SSB and CW modes. In previous contests, I’d forget about CW until I really needed it….then scramble around for my keyer, frantically trying to plug the right cable into the right jack and get it all working.  For CW, I had my XT-4 CW Memory Keyer, which is a simple, but effective 4-memory keyer. I loaded up the first memory with a “CQ CQ CQ de K0NR” message. The second memory was loaded with “R R R DM78 DM78″….which sends my vhf grid to the other station. The third memory is used for calling a specific station. I manually send the other stations call sign, then punch the third memory “de K0NR K0NR DM78 DM78”. The fourth memory is to acknowledge that the contact is complete: “QSL QSL 73 de K0NR K0NR”.

I put the 2M9 Yagi from M2 on a TV mast strapped to the front deck of the cabin. There was very little wind so I didn’t bother to guy the mast, but I did take it down at night in case the wind came up.

Most of the stations I worked were in my grid and DM79 (greater Denver).  I made only 20 Qs but picked up 9 grids (DM68, DM69, DM78, DM79, DN70, DN80, DM89, DM98 and EM09). This is a rather high grid/Q ratio and I felt like I did pretty well in terms of picking up the available grids.

I worked N0KE over in the western part of the state in DM69. On this path, some of the adjacent mountains get in the way. I heard Phil calling on CW on 144.200 MHz and worked him on that mode. I doubt that we would have completed the contact on SSB. CW really does get through when you are operating near the noise floor. I also managed to snag N0LL over in EM09 Kansas using CW. I have worked Larry in the past on 2M from other locations but not from this far west. I figure that he is about 390 miles away from the cabin….not bad for 50 Watts on 2 Meters. Of course, Larry has an awesome station on VHF and puts out a big signal. My wife Joyce K0JJW did an impromptu rover run over to DM68 (about 6 miles away) to activate that grid. Another nice surprise was finding KI0SK out roving in DN80 and DM89. Those are relatively rare/unpopulated grids so the only way they get activated is via a rover station.

So my summary is a poor showing on number of QSOs but pretty decent on number of vhf grids. And a weekend in the mountains messing around with ham radio is always a good time.

73, Bob K0NR

ARRL January VHF Sweepstakes This Weekend

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Just a reminder that the January VHF contest is this weekend, starting at noon on Saturday Mountain time. I will be at our cabin up in the mountains (DM78av) with no real antennas up yet but I’ll have a decent Yagi set up temporarily for working 2 Meters. I’ll listen on the calling frequency 144.200 MHz for SSB contacts (if it gets busy, I’ll move up to 144.220 MHz). I’ll also have a radio listening on 147.42 MHz for anyone working FM. (Use of 146.52 MHz is prohibited for contest contacts. Dumb rule, long story.)

This is a great opportunity to try out weak-signal VHF since there will be stations on working the contest. See the contest rules on the ARRL web site.  If you are new to VHF contests, see my page: How to Work A VHF Contest.

73, Bob K0NR

Been Reading Stuff Again

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There have been quite a few news items, blog posts and tweets flying across the net lately. Here’s what I have been reading:

It looks like the FCC Chairman Kevin Martin is out and Julius Genachowski is in. I’ve only found “Julius is a good guy” articles without much detail behind them, so I guess we wait and see.

A company called CellAntenna wants to be able to sell cellphone jammers. I am totally in favor of it as long as I am the only one that gets one. I’d keep it in the car and jam all of the people driving while cellphoning (except for me, of course).

Check out this new cellphone from “Sumsing”, pretty funny video.

Interesting post from Kelly AB9RF about Why the Hell Would You Want a Ham Radio?

Jeff KE9V wants his QST electronically. I think he has a point.

Bruce Vaughan, NR5Q, from Springdale, Arkansas survived WWII with a few stories to tell. He loves to build radios and got an email from a musician that said he was in a band called The Eagles. Bruce invites him over to the house….turns out it is Joe Walsh.

Obama thinks we need to delay the shutoff of analog TV. He is wrong….time to go through the transition and deal with it. Rip the band-aid off quickly. (Did you notice that watching television is now a right guaranteed by the US Constitution?)

CQ Magazine embraces eQSL for their awards program. Jeff KE9V questions whether we are headed done the wrong path with electronic QSLs.

K3NG gives us a list of things to test Whether We Are Part of the Problem.  Close call for me, as I do think saying 73s is dumb….but I don’t correct people on the air.

Good reading and 73,  Bob K0NR

How Many Gigafarbles is That?

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As the storage capacity and cost of computer hard drives continue to improve, it just amazes me how many bytes you can store for a reasonable cost. For example, you can purchase an external 1 terabyte drive for less than $150….which is probably a good thing, since downloading a few videos and your daily email will fill that up in no time.

This got me thinking about how megabyte and gigabyte have made it into everyday language. Even Grandma knows that you want lots of gigabytes in your hard drive. Expect terabyte to make it into dinner conversation shortly. These prefixes that help us handle humongoid numbers come from the International System of Units (SI).

When I first started out messing around with electronics as a kid, I had to get used to these units. Back then it was mostly kilohertz and megahertz, along with kilohm and megohm. Not too bad. Capacitance was in microfarads and picofarads. (There was this strange usage of micro-microfarad, which I eventually figured out was the same as picofarad.) I didn’t know a tera from a giga.

There are twenty SI prefixes listed on the NIST web page, including:

1024 yotta Y
1021 zetta Z
1018 exa E
1015 peta P
1012 tera T
109 giga G
106 mega M
103 kilo k

When we get to 1000 terabytes, that will equal a petabyte. I don’t think I’ve ever used peta to refer to any numerical value, and certainly not exa, zetta and yotta. I kind of like the sound of yotta, as I can hear myself saying “there’s a yotta bytes on that 5 yottabyte hard drive.”

On the low end, we some other prefixes to deal with:

10-3 milli m
10-6 micro µ
10-9 nano n
10-12 pico p
10-15 femto f
10-18 atto a
10-21 zepto z
10-24 yocto y

I have often used the prefixes up to femto and might have said atto once or twice in my career, but never zepto or yocto. Isn’t zepto the name of one of the Marx brothers? 🙂 I’ve noticed that nano has worked its way into dinner conversation, via terminology such as nanotechnology. I’ve even heard a few non-technical people say something like “that will last about a nanosecond.”

It seems that things are getting more numerous (bytes on hard drives) and smaller (width of a transistor element) at the same time. This stretches out the dynamic range that we end up dealing with, and not just related to technical fields.

We just seem to have a lot of stuff.

73, Bob K0NR

Apple Pushes the Limit with New Computer Design

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Apple is legendary for avoiding unnecessary distractions in its elegant designs (e.g., a Right Click Button on a mouse). Always trying to push the limits, they have introduced a new computer that doesn’t require or even have a keyboard. Wow, no buttons!

Warning: satire here


Apple Introduces Revolutionary New Laptop With No Keyboard

Podcast: Linux in the Ham Shack

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Over the past few years, I have developed the habit of listening to podcasts on my iPod as an alternative to broadcast radio. (See my post from April 2006: Competing for Ears.) Of course, some of my favorite podcasts are on the topic of amateur radio. I’ve noticed that some of them have come and gone, and my interest in them varies over time.

Recently, I just came across a new podcast called Linux in the Ham Shack, by Richard KB5JBV and Russ K5TUX. Richard also does the Resonant Frequency podcast. Both of these podcasts are available via iTunes and probably a whole bunch of other feeds. For you Linux enthusiasts, Russ’s call sign is a vanity call chosen for its Linux significance.

Most of my PCs run some version of Windows, but lately I have gotten more interested in what Linux can do for me. Earlier this year, I took one of my old PCs running Win98 and gave it some new Linux brains (Ubuntu). I have to admit that I have just been running non-ham radio apps such as OpenOffice and Firefox on that machine. I’d like to turn on PSK31, APRS, WinLink and other digital modes so this new podcast sounds like a great resource.

The first few episodes of Linux in the Ham Shack were interesting and helpful, with a nice interplay between Russ and Richard. Keep up the good work, guys!

73, Bob K0NR

Managing Twitter Overload

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Twitter is The Next Big Thing on the web…sometimes referred to as microblogging.  (For some background on Twitter, see my earlier post: Twitter: Yet Another Web Thing.)  Several of the ham radio bloggers have tried Twitter and have gotten frustrated with it. Steve K9ZW says that

Basically the few unique bits of information passed are overwhelmed by endless droning Tweets about microcosms of banality trying to add value to the mundane.

I think NØHR captured the issue succinctly by describing Twitter as having a poor Signal-to-Noise Ratio.

I suppose this is what you get from a free, web-based communication service that asks you “What Are You Doing?” and gives you 140 characters to form the answer.

My view is that we are living in a world where the barriers to communication have been dramatically lowered, meaning that there is more information flying in our direction than ever before. Twitter is just the latest example of this. If you “follow” a hundred or so people all tweeting away with their What Are You Doing? stream of consciousness,  you are going to end up with a Pile-O-Stuff of questionable value. To make this useful, you must be careful about who and how many people you follow or apply some kind of filtering/sorting mechanism to keep it under control. I noticed that WA4D expressed a similar view.

This is really no different from when we subscribe to other forms of electronic distribution, such as email lists (e.g., Yahoo groups) and RSS feeds. The reality is that you can easily get overloaded by all of the content out there….more than any human has time or energy to read. So be selective…it is the only way to survive the Information Diarrhea Age.

73, Bob K0NR

Followup on 30 Dec:

I guess I should have specifically stated: I am finding value in Twitter….usually in the form of a pointer to an interesting web page or an insightful observation by one of the people I am following. Your Mileage May Vary.

Favorite Radio Videos

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As we head for the end of 2008, I am resisting the urge to do some kind of year-end retrospective. Instead, I’ll pull out some of the best amateur radio and technology-related videos on the web. OK, some of these were completed in earlier years, but this collection represents my favorite video finds on the internet.

Old Goat Field Day

Steve NØTU has captured a number of videos about his hiking / ham radio adventures with his two goats. This one is from Field Day 2008, operating from one of my favorite mountains: Mount Herman. If you like this one, check out Steve’s blog for other videos.

Digital Television Transition

This is a funny video about the transition to Digital TV (fasten your seat belts for that event, coming up in February 2009). It might be poking fun at the elderly, but it is also poking fun at the mess the FCC has created concerning this transition. Why can’t television be simple?

Mountain Dew Commercial with Ham Radio

This is a short Mountain Dew commercial with a reference to vintage ham radio in it.

“Radio Hams” Film

This Pete Smith movie is an oldie but goodie about ham radio….a trip back in time.

N2JMH PSYCHO ROVER

Operating rover in a VHF contest is a fun activity, one that I have been known to do. It does take a bit of a warped mind to truly excel at this….as shown in this video.

The Ham Band

This is a music video by by OZ1XJ and friends, with a ham radio theme to it. You gotta love the guys singing while hanging from a tower!

The Neighbors Find Out About The Ham Radio

This is what happens when the neighbors suspect you of operating a ham radio set.

Amateur Radio Today

This ARRL video with Walter Cronkite narrating is one of my all time favorites as it does a good job of telling the ham radio public service story. It is special to me since it includes coverage of the Hayman Fire….the biggest wildfire in Colorado history, which happened about 15 miles from my home

Investigating the D-STAR Modulation Format

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The D-STAR buzz continues to build in Colorado with a few repeaters on the air and more to come. For an overview of D-STAR, take a look at the article I wrote for CQ VHF magazine. I decided to dig into the digital modulation format that is used in D-STAR so I could understand it better. (Moving Forward!) At first, I figured that this newfangled digital modulation had nothing to do with FM but later realized that this is not completely true. (No, FM and D-STAR do not interoperate.)

It turns out that D-STAR uses Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK), the same modulation format that GSM mobile phones use. What is that, you say? Let’s start with Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)…when the digital signal is a logical one, a particular frequency is generated. When the digital signal changes to a logical zero, a different frequency is generated. On the receive end, we just keep an eye on the frequency and decode the digital signal accordingly. In concept, we could generate this FSK signal by hosing the digital signal into an FM modulator. Minimum Shift Keying is a special case of FSK where the frequency shift (and the phase changes) are carefully controlled (modulation index of 0.5) to keep the phase discontinuities low and the bandwidth minimal. Add a Gaussian filter on the front end of this and you have GMSK. (The gaussian filter smooths out the digital transitions and gives an even narrower bandwidth.) I found this GMSK tutorial to be very helpful.

On the air, a GMSK signal has a constant amplitude, just like FM. It will switch back and forth between two frequencies as the digital signal goes high and low. The digital signal can be recovered using an FM detector but the output of the detector is the digital format.

Of course, GMSK is only part of the D-STAR modulation system. The other key component is the vocoder, which is the AMBE-2020™ Vocoder from Digital Voice Systems, Inc (DVSI). This chip performs the magic of smooshing the digitized voice signal into a reasonable number of bits per second so that when they are turned into GMSK they fit within the rather narrow bandwidth (6 kHz nominal). Since this vocoder chip is proprietary, it has caused some hams to grumble about the lack of an “open” vocoder algorithm. I think they have a point but it does get overblown. I have heard statements that this proprietary algorithm adds $100s to $1000s of dollars to the price of a D-STAR radio. My sources tell me the chip sells for about $20, a very reasonable price for this functionality.

I’m in the process of turning this investigation into my FM column for the Winter issue of CQ VHF, so there will be more detail there. I hope this short note gets your brain thinking.

73, Bob K0NR

Digital TV Transition

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The February 2009 shutdown of analog TV is approaching fast so I am actually starting to prepare for it. I previously wrote about this topic in Here Comes Digital TV. The FCC has asked the ARRL (really the amateur radio community) for help in getting the word out. This request emphasizes information sharing, not hands-on installation and troubleshooting of DTV systems. This is going to be interesting to watch….people that are served by cable or satellite are likely to be buffered from this change. The Over The Air User may have a different experience.

The FCC is pushing these settop converter boxes that allow people to convert their old analog TVs to digital. They will probably work fine for many people, especially if they have some technical knowledge. I really wonder about the less sophisticated consumers that are already struggling with their VCR and TV combo….now with a converter box in the middle of the system. “Let’s see, to record off the air I set the VCR to Channel 3 and the converter box to Channel 8 and then….” I am thinking there will be quite a few analog TVs headed to the trash heap. (Please recycle responsibly.)

An additional wrinkle that I just realized is that many of the VHF television stations are are moving to UHF for digital….but they will keep their existing channel designator. It turns out that the DTV system is defined such that the channel number that the user sees has nothing to do with the actual over-the-air channel that is used. For example, an analog TV station on VHF Channel 4 might move to UHF channel 35 for DTV but still be called “Channel 4” on the DTV screen. This is supposed to keep things simple for the consumer. This will work out OK if the consumer has a TV antenna that handles both VHF and UHF. However, in some regions VHF is so dominant, people may not have bothered with a UHF-capable antenna. They will have to make an antenna change to receive the new DTV signals.

In Denver it is going to be even more interesting. Channels 7 and 9 are starting out on UHF for their digital broadcasts and then will move back to VHF after the analog signals go off the air. This leaves them on their original VHF channel after the dust settles. So a viewer watching digital Channel 7 needs to view them on UHF Channel 17 right now, but it will be referred to as Channel 7. Later, their DTV signal will move over to the “real” VHF Channel 7.

This is going to be interesting.

73, Bob K0NR

Update 22 Dec 2008:

Take a look at this humorous video about the Digital TV transition:

http://www.wca.org/davidw/digitalconversion.wmv

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Moving Forward or Stuck in the Past?

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Are you moving forward or stuck in the past? This all started with a blog posting by Dan KB6NU appropriately titled I’m Tired of Pessimism. Dan basically said he has grown weary of the folks that specialize in displaying a negative attitude in ham radio. Jeff KE9V responded with a post of his own, writing:

The final determination of whether amateur radio remains an avocation of any significance will be made by those who actually enjoy the hobby. My advice for them on that fast-paced journey is to trample the slow and hurdle the dead lest they become bogged down by the rotting corpses of the “old guard” who refused to change.

This reminded me of one of my postings from January, titled Paul Rinaldo’s Rule of Amateur Radio Progress, which related some words of wisdom (not mine):

Progress is made in Amateur Radio by letting energetic individuals move forward. Conversly, nothing in Amateur Radio is accomplished by complaining about other individual’s projects. Simple summary: If you don’t like their project, then go do or support your own choices. Get out of their way.

Note the common theme of lead, follow or get out of the way but don’t be the curmudgeon that spoils everyone’s fun. If you have spent much time with me, you would know that I can get as cynical as the next guy. I specialize in sarcasm and can derive great satisfaction from pointing out the errors in other people’s thinking and actions. The only problem with cynicism is that it doesn’t accomplish anything beyond generating that smug feeling of being right. It doesn’t move anything forward — it just complains loudly about the situation.

The older I get, the more I try to avoid the easy out of that soothing cynical attitude. For me the test is simple: does an attitude/statement/question/action move things forward or keep the situation stuck? Things that move forward have value; things that keep us stuck are worthless. See Paul Rinaldo’s comments.

Lately, I have been applying the Moving Forward / Stuck in the Past Test to ham radio activities. I flip through the ham magazines and I see quite a number of articles on vintage radios. Moving Forward? I don’t think so. How about AM operation? Stuck in the Past. Ham radio connected via the internet? Moving forward. Sound-card digital modes? Moving forward.  What about CW operation? (Be careful here.) I actually think this one is Moving Forward. Why? Because CW still represents an extremely efficient operating mode in terms of bandwidth usage, simplicity of equipment and versatility. I can do a lot with just a simple QRP rig and my brain on CW. (I know some of you will argue that it is Stuck in the Past and you might be right.) Radio amateurs that are helpful Elmers? Moving Forward. Grumpy old men that look down on newcomers: Stuck in the Past.

Now there is nothing wrong with Stuck in the Past activities….as long as they don’t get in the way of Moving Forward. I know some guys that get great pleasure out of running their old AM rigs on HF. I am glad they are having fun with it. But we don’t use up all of the 20 Meter phone band running such an inefficient mode….we keep it to a few frequencies.

So where are you: Moving Forward or Stuck in the Past?

73, Bob K0NR

More on Netbooks

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The so-called “Netbook” category continues to get quite a bit of attention. Acer has introduced several new models in the Aspire One line and is intent on winning in this category (aiming for 50% of the market in 2009).

Some pundits have pointed out that even though this category is growing dramatically, you may not see that many of them at the local coffee shop. I have to admit that I have not noticed very many of them in the wild. (The installed base is huge, so it takes quite a few units to move the needle.) Acer has apparently taken the worldwide lead in consumer notebooks (in terms of units) in Q3 of 2008, edging out HP with 5.04M units (vs. HP’s 4.85M units.) With netbook prices often in the range of $300 to 500, this sure sounds like price erosion to me in the notebook category.

In a previous post, I wrote about the Acer Aspire One Netbook that my wife is using. She does let me use it once in while, so I have actually gotten some stick time on it. My assessment remains largely the same: this is a great little PC for its intended purpose (web usage, email and light text editing). Sometimes it is the little things that can make a big difference: I find myself reaching for the Acer because it boots from a deadstart in under 24 seconds. It makes my WindowsXP and Vista machines seem like slow, plodding dinosaurs. My car starts in a few seconds, so why can’t my PC be instant on?

After about 6 weeks of having the computer, I still give it high marks. The keyboard is slightly cramped but quite usable. I wouldn’t want to type on anything smaller and I do appreciate it when I switch back to a full size keyboard. The touchpad sucks but that doesn’t surprise — I think all touchpads suck, so I am not an unbiased observer. I use a small notebook style mouse whenever possible. The right/left “mouse” keys for the touchpad are placed in a non-standard position, which causes some user complaints. I finally figured out that FN – F7 turns the dang thing off, so I don’t bump it while I am typing.

The Linux OS has turned out to be sturdy and reliable but difficult to adapt. The GUI that layered on top of Linux does a good job as far as it goes. After that, I find myself resorting to the Linux command line to get things done. This is acceptable for me but puts futzing around with the system out of reach for many users. If you don’t speak Linux, then your ability to adapt this machine is limited. But for its intended use, you shouldn’t need to mess with it. So there you go….works well for the intended use but be careful beyond that.

And did I mention it BOOTS FAST?

— Bob K0NR

Update (28 Nov 2008): Here are a few links for user information, hacks, modifications, etc.

http://www.aspireoneuser.com/2008/07/09/aspire-one-advance-linpus-mode-hack/

http://www.liliputing.com/2008/07/how-to-access-advanced-acer-aspire-one.html

http://www.linuxhaxor.net/2008/09/27/30-cool-acer-aspire-one-hacks/

http://macles.blogspot.com/

Making Plans for Hamcon Colorado

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I attended the planning meeting for the 2009 Hamcon Colorado this morning. This event is the ARRL Rocky Mountain Division Convention, held in Colorado every three years as it rotates between Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. In 2009, it will be held on May 29-31 in Estes Park, a super vacation spot.

Hamcon Colorado’s main feature is a strong set of technical and operating forums covering a wide range of amateur radio topics. The common complaint is that there are too many attractive forums and they run in parallel, so you can’t attend them all. The list of forums is still being finalized, but it is looking really good for next year and will likely include APRS, D-STAR, APCO Project 25, DXing, QRP, VHF antennas, electronic test equipment, satellite operating and much more. Keep an eye on the Hamcon Colorado web site as the technical program is finalized. The weekend has plenty of other activities, including saturday night banquet, QLF CW contest, transmitter hunt and VE testing.

For hams within driving distance of Colorado, Estes Park makes a great vacation spot for the entire family. This little mountain town sits at the entrance to Rocky Mountain National Park, one of the nation’s best scenic parks.

If you are looking for a great weekend (or week long) getaway filled with amateur radio fun, plan on attending Hamcon Colorado in 2009.

– 73, Bob K0NR

Trying SIT Tones for Phone Spam

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Having recently commented (whined?) about the huge about of email spam clogging the internet, I now turn to the same issue with POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service). At our house, we use caller ID and answering machine call screening to deal with most solicitors. This has been remarkably effective. With the election growing near, the politicos are spending a ton of money on these robot autodialers (robocall) that call and leave a recorded message. Although I don’t have to listen to these idiotic messages, they do fill up the answering machine.

Before you tell me to register with the United States Do Not Call Registry, don’t bother. We are registered but it doesn’t apply to political organizations. (Seems that Congress thinks there is some special Freedom of Speech issue here.)

Here is an idea that I have tried and it seems to help. The telephone system has a number of special signaling tones that indicate the status of a phone line, called Special Information Tones. These tones basically tell the calling device that the dialed number has a problem. I recorded these tones at the beginning of our outgoing voice message, followed by my usual “Sorry we can’t take your call right now” greeting. The idea is that a machine calling will hear the tones and give up, while a human will ignore them and listen to the message.

Click here for the sit-tone

I’ve had this running for a few days, and the success rate appears to be about 80%. I still see incoming political calls on the Caller ID but most don’t make it to the answering machine. A few still get through…probably because the calling device ignores the SIT tone.

This is Bob K0NR and I approve this message.

73, Bob K0NR

Got Spam?

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How’s your email inbox doing these days? Spamhaus says that spam (also called Unsolicited Commercial Email or UCE) makes up 90% of the email sent in most parts of the world. Since Spamhaus is in the business of providing anti-spam services, it might have a tendency to overestimate the amount of spam.

I have several email accounts for various purposes. One of these is a “junk” account on yahoo that I use for most online purchases and registering at questionable web sites. Examining that inbox, I see 97 messages in the inbox and 647 messages places in the spam folder by Yahoo’s spam filter. Of the 97 messages in the inbox, about half of those are really spam. Another 31 spam messages were sent to a “disposable email address” that I had used at one time. Adding that up, that is a total of 727 spam messages out of 775, which corresponds to 94% spam. Now this is probably a pessimistic measure as this email account is more likely to attract spam and has relatively low legitimate email usage. Still, it is quite amazing how much junk mail it accumulates.

My “real” email accounts have much less spam in them, but it is more difficult to tell the actual percentage. I don’t know for sure what anti-spam measures my ISP uses. On my end, I use Thunderbird’s junk mail controls which seems to catch the majority of the spam. There are quite a few methods available for reducing spam.

The root cause of this is that the internet email protocols were designed with an inherent trust of all users. All of the header information that indicates who sent the email can be easily spoofed, so there is very little accountability in the system. I doubt that the early email inventors anticipated the flood of viagra messages that would occur decades later. This is a classic example of unintended consequences of a new technology. (See Tom Van Vleck’s The History of Electronic Mail for more information.)

So now we spend our time and energy filtering and deleting this nuisance. Even more disturbing are the phishing scams that are showing up in my inbox. There are some very credible fake emails supposedly from major banks and financial institutions that try to get you to log into a fake web page and share your personal account information. Watch out for these!

Various solutions have been proposed to solve the spam problem. Sometimes I think capital punishment might be the answer, but I am not quite ready to propose that……yet. Stay tuned for further updates 🙂

How’s your inbox doing?

73, Bob K0NR

ARISS Update October 21

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I pulled this from the AMSAT-BB email list
(a good update on the NA1SS activity this week by Richard Garriott):

Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2008 20:48:26 -0400
From: “Frank H. Bauer” <ka3hdo@comcast.net>
Subject: [amsat-bb] ARISS Update October 21, 2008
To: <amsat-bb@amsat.org>

All,

I think you all can agree that this has been a stellar and an historic week for Amateur Radio on the International Space Station!

Speaking on behalf of the ARISS international team of volunteers and the AMSAT community, we really appreciate the overwhelming flood of positive comments that we have received from the ham radio community and the general public regarding the ham radio operations on ISS this past week.
Collectively, we have all made history..starting with Richard, W5KWQ and his father Owen, W5LFL and continuing with all of you that participated and/or volunteered in his ISS journey. And along the way, we have sparked the imaginations of thousands of students. Got more interest in satellite operations. And, I understand, excited some youths to the point where they are now licensed.

Richard Garriott, W5KWQ has been extremely prolific on the ARISS ham radio system, making hundreds of voice contacts, operating the packet system during the crew sleep times and transmitting hundreds of SSTV images throughout the day. He put the newest ARISS hardware, the Kenwood VC-H1 to good use, performing the vast majority of contacts with this hardware system coupled with the Kenwood D700 Transciever. The remaining SSTV downlinks were performed with the software-based SSTV system—using either the SpaceCam software or MMSSTV software that are on-board ISS. Given the limited availability of ISS computer systems, the ARISS team will continue to utilize the VC-H1 well after Richard’s flight. So don’t be surprised if you see some VC-H1 SSTV operations from Mike Fincke, KE5AIT, during his stay as the commander of Expedition 18.

The team apologizes for the temporary shut-down of the ARISS SSTV server. We have been a victim of our own success in that the site has been overwhelmed by the popularity of Richard’s SSTV images. We hope to get the system operational very soon. This may take a URL change, so please check the listservs and the ARISS SSTV blog http://www.ariss-sstv.blogspot.com/ for updated information. http://www.ariss.org will also carry updates.

ARISS Development and Operations

As a reminder to all, the ARISS team is an international volunteer working group that is sponsored by three major entities in each ISS region—the National Amateur Radio Society, the International AMSAT organization and the National Space Agency. The 5 regions that comprise the ISS development are Canada, Europe Japan, Russia, and the USA. In the USA, the two ham radio sponsors are the ARRL and AMSAT-NA. NASA is the USA space agency sponsor. Over 12 years ago, the formulation of the ARISS working group was a specific request from NASA. They wanted the amateur radio community to internationally consolidate into one team all the development and operations of the ISS Ham radio system. This specific request from NASA, and ultimately the other space agencies, was to provide a single focus of ham radio on ISS within the amateur radio community and within the space agencies. As a result, the 5 international delegations that make up ARISS tightly coordinate the day-to-day mission operations as well as the strategic hardware development planning and implementation. The success of this past week would not have been realized without this tight coordination, particularly between our Russian colleagues, led by Sergey Samburov, RV3DR
and our international operations team, led by Will Marchant, KC6ROL.

Individuals are always welcome to volunteer their support to ARISS through their regional delegation. Please see the ARISS web site http://www.ariss.org for more information on your regional delegates.

Voice QSOs

We have received some reports of individuals providing advice to the ISS on-orbit crew or making specifc requests to the ISS crew to change or modify the ARISS hardware, on-board software or ham radio operations. The ARISS team would like to remind the amateur community that we all have a duty to the international space agencies to coordinate ISS ham radio operations through ARISS. Our advice to you is that if you have a specific request or idea, that you forward it to one of the ARISS international delegates or
ARISS team leaders. These individuals are identified on the ARISS web site http://www.ariss.org. Also, please remember that there are a *lot* of hams that would like to get their QSO with the ISS (including me!) So please use courtesy and keep your contact short. And once you have made a contact, please do not go for a repeat despite the intense temptation to do so. I think you all know that this is an “open” hobby. So all are listening in, observing and remembering your operating habits.

On behalf of the ARISS team, I thank you all for your interest in Ham Radio on ISS. Enjoy the contacts! And remember the ARISS teams and organizations that have made the ham radio system on ISS such a tremendous success. This includes the national amateur radio societies and international AMSAT organizations. As well as the international space agencies and the ISS on-board crew members.

73, Frank Bauer, KA3HDO
AMSAT-V.P. for Human Spaceflight Programs
ARISS International Chairman

Changing Over to WordPress

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WordPressI am in the process of moving my weblog from Blogger over to WordPress to take advantage of the more flexible software tools in that environment. The blog will remain on the k0nr.com domain but under a different directory (www.k0nr.com/wordpress). The old blog files should remain in place, so that existing links are not broken. In theory, this should all be transparent to you, as I will redirect the existing URLs for the main blog ( http://www.k0nr.com/blog ), the RSS feed and the Atom feed.

But this is the worldwide web and there are computers involved, so something is bound to get messed up! Hang in there while I make these changes.

Eventually, I’ll port my web site over so that all of k0nr.com is under WordPress. That is likely to take some time.

73, Bob K0NR

Richard Garriott W5KWQ in Space

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Richard Garriott, W5KWQ is on his way to the International Space Station (ISS) as the sixth “space tourist” riding on a Soyuz spacecraft. This would be just another rich guy buys a ride into space story, except that Richard is a ham radio operator, a successful technogeek and the son of a famous astronaut.

For me, the story starts back in November of 1983 when the Space Shuttle mission STS-9 included an astronaut named Owen Garriott, who is a radio amateur (W5LFL). This was the first flight that had SAREX (Space Amateur Radio Experiment) on board, which was a modified commercial VHF FM handheld radio set for the 2-Meter ham band. Everyone was listening for the first ham radio transmissions from space, myself included. I was living in the greater Seattle area at the time and I happened to hear the first transmission between W5LFL on the Shuttle Columbia and WA1JXN in Montana. Columbia was coming in over the Pacific Ocean and I could hear W5LFL very clearly. So clearly, I wondered if it was really him (or could some local guy on 2M FM be messing with us.) In retrospect, I should have known….after all, a transmission from the shuttle overhead is a slam-dunk, line-of-sight piece of cake QSO on 2 Meters. AA5TB has made a few audio recordings of W5LFL radio transmissions available on the web.

Owen Garriott’s son Richard wanted to follow in his dad’s footsteps as an astronaut, but found out as a kid that his eyesight would keep him out of the astronaut corps. There is a great article in Wired magazine that gives the background on Richard’s journey into space. (If you are interested in this story at all, the Wired article is a must read.) Richard has his own RichardInSpace website that is also interesting. So instead of being an astronaut, he ends up writing computer gaming software and makes millions of dollars. (Apparently, Richard is famous in the computer gaming world.) Not a bad tradeoff, I suppose, as he is now able to pay for the ride up to the ISS.

While the ARRL announcement tells about the ham radio side of the story, the mainstream media has picked up on the “son follows father into space” story, sometimes with a mention of ham radio. Richard plans to transmit pictures from space using Slow-Scan Television (SSTV). The ARISS (Amateur Radio aboard International Space Station) sent out this announcement:

The ARISS team received word from ARISS Russia delegate Sergey Samburov,
RV3DR, that the current ISS crew expect to transmit SSTV on October 12 from 18:00-21:00 UTC. This is your opportunity to test out your SSTV reception capability and to post images on the ARISS SSTV Gallery. The planned downlink for this operation will be 145.80 MHz with Robot 36 as the expected SSTV mode of operation.

You should be able to receive these photos yourself by using an FM receiver on 145.80 MHz, a PC with soundcard and the MMSSTV software. Oh, the ISS needs to be within radio range, which means you need to figure out how to track it in real time. Or just go to this NASA website. The ARISS team has established a blog for providing updates on the SSTV operation and a web page for sharing of SSTV photos from around the world.

Just so it doesn’t get missed: there is another radio amateur on board, Mike Fincke (KE5AIT). Some web pages to watch for current information include http://www.ariss.org/, http://www.amsat.org/, http://www.arrl.org/ and http://www.issfanclub.com/ .

All of this is very interesting to me, taking me back to 1983. Then, I realize that was 25 years ago. Is the space shuttle really that old? Afraid so.

73, Bob K0NR

Update 22 Oct 2008:

Richard has been active on voice using NA1SS….also SSTV. I’ve heard him multiple times but haven’t been able to work him yet. There is a great video out on YouTube with SSTV pictures and audio recordings.

Sweet Little Acer Aspire One PC

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My spouse’s notebook computer died a few weeks ago, about 1 year after the 1 year warranty expired. This was not very satisfying. I also had my notebook PC die this past year, so it is starting to look like notebooks are disposal devices. Funny, my desktop PCs just keep on going year after year without a problem. This probably has something to do with the abuse that notebooks get being carried around from place to place.

So if we are going to end up replacing these things every few years, I got interested in lowering the cost. There are a number of compact netbooks that typically run Linux on the Intel Atom and use a solid state drive (no spinning hard disk). We settled on the Acer Aspire One, which is $329 from Amazon (free shipping). This computer has a 1.6GHz Atom N270 Processor, 8GB solid state drive, 512MB DDR2 SDRAM, 802.11b/g, Ethernet, three USB 2.0, VGA output, 1.3 megapixel camera, SDHC and multi-format media readers. I popped an 8GB SDRAM card into the expansion slot and it now has 16 GB. It uses the Linux LinpusLite operating system. (Some netbook models are going with WindowsXP, but I think these minimalist machines are better off with the small footprint of Linux.) The only thing I wish it had was a good-old dialup modem for those rare times when you are stuck without a decent wireless connection. (I’d trade that for the VGA display output.)

It comes ready to run with Linux and the key applications already loaded. For web browsing (Firefox), email (Acer Email) and writing (OpenOffice), it is ready to go. I did decide to load Thunderbird for email (instead of the supplied Acer Email application). This machine is configured like an appliance with not much thought of how the user will add applications. However, a little fiddling around on the web and the use of my (cough) extensive (cough) knowledge of Unix commands got Thunderbird loaded.

So far, this computer has exceeded our expectations. It is really compact, has a great display and is easy to use. What it does, it does well. However, it is NOT a full-size, full-featured notebook computer. For the intended use of internet communications, email, web, basic document creation, it works great. I am hoping that the simple design, with no hard drive, with also last a little longer. Did I mention that this thing boots fast? Go, Linux.

I can’t get it out of my wife’s hands. Trust me, I’ve tried.

73, Bob K0NR

Followup Oct 11: I’ve noticed that the netbook product category continues to be dynamic with new products being introduced all of the time. Check out the latest offerings from Acer, Asus, Dell, Lenovo, MSI, etc. before making a purchase.